The Donut Lab battery — how it all started
Donut Lab promised a 400 Wh/kg solid-state battery ready for mass production. | Image by Donut Lab
Back in January, Donut Lab showed up at CES, claiming the company cracked the solid-state battery tech. Their cell supposedly delivered 400 Wh/kg capacity, charged in less than 10 minutes, and was ready for mass production at a price similar to conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Donut even partnered with Verge to offer a small batch of electric motorcycles equipped with the new battery. It all sounded too good to be true. Now the bubble has finally burst.
Independent battery researcher uncovered the truth
Since the announcement in January, many tech experts, media outlets, and journalists in the field of battery technology have been following closely Donut.
The company published a series of independent tests carried out by the VTT Research Center in Finland, but the design of the tests was such that none were able to prove the 400 Wh/kg energy density and the 100,000-cycle life claims.
Yesterday, the battery researcher Ziroth published on YouTube a comprehensive investigation involving over 20 independent battery experts, along with documents, test results, and NDAs (non-disclosure agreements), all pointing toward a regular lithium-ion battery.
The evidence
Lithium-ion batteries have a very specific kink in their expansion curves. | Image by Ziroth
Ziroth’s investigation involved battery tech experts Julian Zanau from the Fraunhofer Research Institute, Dr. Yahim San from Justus-Liebig University, Tom Bicha from Leona, and Dr. Yuo Hesca from Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, among many others.The evidence lies in the chemistry itself and the results from the VTT tests. The voltage curves during these tests correspond with high-nickel lithium-ion cells (NCM chemistry).
During charging, the Donut Lab battery showed a steady voltage of 3.7-3.8 volts, the exact window of operation of lithium-ion batteries.
The second important piece of evidence concerns cell expansion data. When ions gather at the anode during charging, the battery expands. The exact pattern of expansion is like a fingerprint. At around 50-70% charge, there’s a certain anomaly in the expansion curve data, caused by ions reordering themselves in the anode. This “kink” in the data is exactly the same as the expansion curve of a lithium-ion cell.
Furthermore, Ziroth and the experts have calculated the energy density from all the data provided from the five VTT tests, and it sits at around 298 Wh/kg, the upper limits of conventional lithium-ion cells, far from the claimed 400 Wh/kg.
A web of companies behind a $25 million scheme
Verge motorcycles never received the 400 Wh/kg batteries. | Image by Verge Motorcycles
The Ziroth investigation traces back the actual battery to a German company called CT Coatings. This company has a bunch of patents in the screen printing area — including screen-printed paving slabs, menu folders, and warning triangles.
Apparently, CT Coatings promised Donut Lab a screen-printed sodium-based solid-state battery but in the end delivered a conventional lithium-ion cell.
Leaked emails showed Donut Lab asking CT Coatings about proof that they can produce the required solid-state battery. Apparently, no proof was ever provided.
The Verge motorcycle company was the tip of the iceberg. The company was supposed to be used as a testbed for the new battery, with production units shipped to customers in Q1, 2026.
After Donut revealed its miracle battery, Verge Motorcycles’ valuation rose through the roof to “half a billion euro,” subsequently bloating even further to $1.25 billion after the CES presentation.
Since the start of this saga, Donut has raised over $25 million from over 1,300 small investors, each contributing between $3,000 and $23,000 mainly through Finland’s Springvest platform. That’s regular folks’ money.
Finnish financial authorities and criminal authorities are reportedly investigating the matter as we type this.
The end of the solid-state smartphone battery dream?
The solid-state battery dream is not dead yet. | Image by PixaBay
Even though the situation surrounding Donut and its solid-state battery is disappointing, to say the least, the dream is not dead.
The world’s biggest EV and energy storage battery maker, CATL, already announced a solid-state battery prototype with a capacity of 500 Wh/kg and mass production scheduled for 2027.
Unlike Donut, CATL provides all the necessary scientific data to back its claims, so there’s hope for solid-state batteries after all. That five-day battery life Galaxy smartphone might not be that far ahead after all.
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